解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:BACKGROUND:Child mortality estimates in Beirut are presented for the late 1970s and the mid 1980s, and changes in socio-religious differentials of mortality across time are investigated. METHODS:Baseline information was obtained from maternity registries in Beirut in 1984 and 1991. Age of mother, number of children ev...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.1.110
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tuberculosis has been declining in developed countries for a long time, as a result of the intrinsic epidemiological characteristics of this disease, combined with improvement in the standard of living and more recently the use of antibiotics. In these low prevalence countries, decisions concerning the objec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.1.190
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The statistical power of prospective studies on diet in relation to chronic disease risk can be improved by maximizing the variation in true intake levels actually distinguished--or 'predicted'--by dietary questionnaire assessments collected at baseline. This can be achieved by 1) developing a questionnaire method tha...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s15
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We evaluated the reproducibility and relative validity of a 190-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in a large prospective study in the Athens area of Greece. METHODS:In all, 42 men and 38 women, aged 25-67 years, completed two self-administered semi-quantitative FFQ spaced ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s118
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A central pattern of body fat is recognized as a risk indicator of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. The development of this body fat pattern from childhood into adulthood however, remains to be explored. METHODS:The development of two trunk skinfolds (subscapular; supra-iliac), two extremity skinfolds ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.6.1162
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present historical cohort study was to enhance the understanding of the unusual mortality pattern seen among seafarers. The main object was to describe the mortality pattern of Danish seafarers in recent years with special reference to the influence of accidents in the maritime workplace and a...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.6.1237
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that the serum level of sialic acid is associated positively with mortality from coronary disease and stroke. In this study its relation with carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated. METHODS:From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 323 cases with carotid intima-me...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/25.5.953
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In studies of health behaviour exploring factors associated with differences and changes in eating patterns of populations, diet is often measured with short food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). This study examines the validity of a short FFQ by comparing frequencies of food intake from the FFQ to informatio...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.5.1023
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We reported in a recent study that parity was inversely related to the incidence of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in Norwegian women younger than 56. In this study, another data set was used to estimate the parity effects on incidence at higher ages, and two different data sets were used to assess how parity influe...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.737
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vital statistics underestimate the prevalence of perinatal and infant deaths. This is particularly significant when these parameters affect eligibility for international assistance for newly emerging nations. OBJECTIVE:To determine the level of registration of livebirths, stillbirths and infant deaths in Ja...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.807
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Bundling, which consists of wrapping an infant for prolonged periods in a sheepskin cover after dried cow dung is applied, is a common and apparently unique practice limited to the rural, mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan. The practice is initiated at various ages during the neonatal period. Its poten...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.4.879
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There is considerable interest in the possible role of nitrate in gastric carcinogenesis, but little information on nitrate intake around the world. This is the first study to give comprehensive standardised data on nitrate excretion as a marker of intake, using 48 worldwide population samples. METHODS:Urin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/25.3.505
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown an inconsistency in the association between maternal education and child nutritional status across socioeconomic levels. This may be because the beneficial effects of education are only significant when resources are sufficient but not abundant. METHODS:Associations were examined...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.3.585
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The significance of persistent or recurrent respiratory infections in adult life for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still to a large extent unknown. A few clinical and experimental animal studies suggest that peripheral airways diseases may be due to the cumulative effects...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.3.658
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have reported an increased risk of death in those who report their health is poor, however, the role of underlying and subclinical disease in this association has not been carefully studied. METHODS:The associations between perceived health status and mortality from all causes and cardiovas...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.2.259
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Child mortality rates have been declining in most developing countries. We studied child and maternal mortality risk factors for child mortality in Beira city in July 1993, after a decade of conflict in Mozambique. METHODS:A community-based cluster sample survey of 4609 women of childbearing age was conduct...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.2.349
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epidemiological inferences about the aetiology of a disease can often be made from its seasonal patterns. However, due to its multifactorial nature, the seasonality component can be obscured by other factors. It is therefore important to develop statistical techniques which are sensitive to minute temporal c...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.2.426
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The objective of this study is to measure the association between protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in children and their mothers' mental health, in a low income area in the city of Embú, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS:A case-control study was performed. Cases were 60 moderately and severely malnourished childr...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.1.128
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) cluster survey methodology has been successfully used for assessing levels of immunization programme coverage in developing country settings, certain features of the methodology, as it is usually carried out, make it less-than-optimal choice for large, na...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.1.198
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Extended breastfeeding is known to benefit the health of children in developing countries and despite widespread expectations of a decline in breastfeeding in these countries, it has been demonstrated that the incidence and duration of breastfeeding are in fact increasing many countries. METHODS:In this pap...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/25.1.94
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This was to describe and analyse incidence and survival data on childhood leukaemias. SAMPLE:Incident leukaemia cases aged 0-19 from the cancer registry holdings of the province of Saskatchewan for the 60-year period 1932-1991 are the subject of this descriptive report. METHODS:Age-adjusted, age-specific, h...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1100
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hand dominance and spinal posture were studied for their prediction of the development of thoracic hyperkyphosis during the pubertal growth spurt. METHODS:The cohort consisted of all the fourth-grade school children of the Western School District of Helsinki, Finland, in the spring of 1986. They were examin...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1178
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The protective effect of a vaccine following an outbreak is often measured by the vaccine efficacy statistic, namely one minus the ratio of attack rates in vaccinees and non-vaccinees. This quantity is not an adequate measure of the population-level benefits of the vaccine. METHODS:We discuss two measures o...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.6.1249
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Community surveys are used to determine the proportion of children with ARI for whom care is sought by questioning mothers about the signs and symptoms of illness episodes. The validity of this ap...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.5.1058
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To explore whether causes of maternal death can be investigated using the sisterhood method, an indirect method for providing a community-based estimate of the level of maternal mortality, this study compares the sisterhood causes of maternal death with the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System's (DSS) caus...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.5.937
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper illustrates the basis of, expectations for and evaluation of prevention from an epidemiological perspective. Specifically, the extent to which epidemiologists could and should be involved in designing and evaluating public health interventions is addressed. Changes in the view on disease causation and epide...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/24.4.655
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mortality was compared in the Jewish populations of Montreal and Israel and the overall Canadian population, to investigate whether the Israeli pattern of low male mortality and relatively high female mortality is replicated among Jews living elsewhere. METHODS:In Montreal, death certificates were obtained ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.4.730
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sexual behaviour data are crucial for understanding the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Over a period (1987-1992) in which the HIV epidemic increased public awareness of safe sexual practices, we describe predictors of condom use, changes in condom use over time, and the estimated effects of t...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.4.813
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Samples of railroad male employees aged 40-59 were examined from companies operating in the northwest quadrant of the US in the late 1950s (n = 2571), and in Rome and surroundings. Italy in the early 1960s (n = 768) in an international co-operative study on cardiovascular diseases. METHODS:A number of cardi...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/ije/24.3.515
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:International rankings of infant mortality rates have been consistently lower for the US than other industrialized countries, and this ranking has been falling. This study examines the influence of birth registrations among very low birthweight infants on these international rankings. METHODS:Birth rates of...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.3.583
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Animal models suggest that compounds containing a nitrosyl group (N-nitroso compounds (NNO)) can act as potent transplacental carcinogens. Many common drug formulations have the potential to undergo nitrosation in vivo. The association between maternal use of nitrosatable drugs during pregnancy and developme...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.308
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a pilot study for the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) a modification of the Baecke questionnaire on physical activity was tested for repeatability and relative validity in a population of 134 men and women aged 20-70 years. METHODS:For the assessment of repeatability P...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.381
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Region of Rijeka, Croatia, a combined vaccination programme against rubella has been carried out since 1976, so that children of both sexes are vaccinated at age 15 months and all girls at the age of 14 (8th grade of primary school). This vaccination programme has been carried out unchanged up till now. In 1989...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.2.453
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Prospective studies of alcohol and mortality in middle-aged men almost universally find a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality. This review demonstrates the extent to which different studies lead to different risk estimates, analyses the putative influence of abstention as ...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/ije/24.1.100
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study is an attempt to apply Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants. The data for the study consist of monthly records of diagnosed illnesses for 1152 children, each observed from the month of first contact with Kasangati Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda, until age 18 mon...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.1.177
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::METHODS. Mortality rates for four types of cancer (stomach, colorectal, lung, and breast cancer) in migrant populations were compared to those of individuals who still resided in the political region in which they were born. The effects on mortality rates of place of birth and of place of residence were studied, compa...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.1.8
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A multidisciplinary approach to research has been one of the hallmarks of Walter Holland's outstanding career in medical research. Studies arising from evaluation of the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma were reviewed at Walter's Festschrift b...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s39
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Operational research (OR) analysis provides information and systems to support decision making. In health care there are examples of OR being used to support decisions surrounding both the organization of health services and the treatment of individual patients. However, its uptake is currently low in spite of the inc...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/24.supplement_1.s90
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In this paper we investigated whether the capture-recapture method is useful for a cancer registry to monitor its completeness of case ascertainment on a routine basis. METHODS:The capture-recapture method was used to estimate the completeness of case ascertainment in three regional cancer registries in the...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1111
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article investigates the interrelationship of socioeconemic status, anthropometric status and mortality of young children in rural Bangladesh. Data for this study come from Matlab, the vital registration area of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, where anthropometric and socioec...
journal_title:International journal of epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/ije/23.6.1179
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00